Quantum Mechanics
At the end of the 19th century, quantum mechanics began to develop gradually. Many mathematicians and physicists noticed that the principles of classical physics were insufficient for explaining atomic particle behavior—such as electron movement and the interactions between protons and their respective functions. It is believed that the field of quantum mechanics originated with Max Planck’s¹ radiation law and his introduction of the term “quantum.”

Although Erwin Schrödinger later developed newer, more productive forms of atomic theory that were vital to the emergence of this science, Werner Heisenberg² is considered the true founder of quantum mechanics. In 1932, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the creation of quantum mechanics, which included his formulation of the uncertainty principle and significantly contributed to the understanding of hydrogen’s allotropic forms.

Albert Einstein³ explained the photoelectric effect through his light quantum hypothesis in 1905. Niels Bohr⁴ formulated the atomic model in 1918, thereby superseding Rutherford’s⁵ model. In 1925, matrix mechanics were formulated by Max Born⁶, Pascual Jordan⁷, and, of course, Heisenberg. Shortly afterward, Erwin Schrödinger⁸ established the equation that bears his name, which differed significantly from De Broglie’s theory⁹ of matter waves. A few months later, Schrödinger demonstrated that wave mechanics were mathematically equivalent to matrix mechanics. In 1926, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck¹⁰ published Quantum Principles and Line Spectra, the first book on the new quantum mechanics, helping consolidate this science—originally derived from classical physics—into a unified framework.

These developments led to a radically different understanding of atomic shells and particle dynamics. New equations and theories emerged, becoming increasingly complex and even causing disputes among notable scientists. The most famous of these debates occurred between Einstein and Max Born. Einstein believed that quantum physicists of the time were drifting toward idealism. A quote from him is:

“Quantum mechanics is very respectful. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet true Jacob¹¹. The theory delivers a lot, but it hardly brings us closer to the mystery of the old one (God). In any case I am convinced that he (God) does not roll the dice.” ¹² (Einstein)

Although quantum mechanics has never answered fundamental questions about the origin of the universe, it laid the foundation for modern technology.

In addition, quantum mechanics opened the door to a realm where phenomena occur in ways that differ profoundly from the world as we perceive it. Although the theory was not yet the "real Jakob," it seems that all of these efforts have gradually moved in the right direction. These scientific developments enabled thinkers like Heisenberg, Bohr, and others to break away from the classical Descartes–Newton worldview and adopt a more open and dynamic perspective on scientific phenomena.

This shift is reflected in semi-popular scientific literature, which focuses particularly on the philosophical aspects of the theory. This, in my view, marks a significant and positive revolution in scientific thinking—encouraging scholars to examine phenomena from multiple perspectives rather than relying on unilateral interpretations.

Famous experiments such as Schrödinger’s cat¹³ and the tunnel effect¹⁴ illustrate how the Descartes–Newton era has given way to a modern framework—a “quantum mentality”—that challenges or redefines some classical laws of mechanics. For instance, Einstein’s theory of relativity revealed that Newtonian mechanics apply only in specific cases. Two other key examples are the discovery of the allotropic forms¹⁵ of hydrogen and superconductors¹⁶, both of which can only be explained using principles of quantum mechanics.

Elementary Particle Physics
Influenced indirectly by quantum mechanics, particle physics emerged in the early 20th century. This field focuses on observing elementary particles, describing their properties, establishing inter-particle relationships, and explaining the fundamental forces within atomic nuclei. Essentially, elementary particle physics has significantly advanced our understanding of matter by identifying some of its fundamental building blocks. This is a dynamic realm—where everything is in constant motion and transformation.

A proper and comprehensive interpretation of particle physics principles has led scientists to hope that the immaterial dimension of matter may be explained scientifically. This offers a clearer conceptualization of how the principles of another dimension—often referred to as the afterlife—might operate.

Nonetheless, based on the current state of the field, it must be acknowledged that particle physics alone cannot explain the origin of the universe. Moreover, it has yet to unify the four fundamental forces. Equations with infinite initial values introduce complications across all scientific domains, leading to doubts about the accuracy of certain calculations.

The Metaphysical Thoughts
Thales and other religious philosophers believed that existence is filled with divinity, but they were not required to provide scientific evidence for their ideas. Furthermore, such brief yet meaningful statements cannot adequately describe or explain the origin of the universe and existence.

Centuries after Thales, with the emergence of quantum mechanics and the study of cosmic rays in connection with elementary particle observations, it was hypothesized that every millimeter of the universe is filled with particles and antiparticles. This scientific thesis, in essence, echoes what Thales claimed over 2,500 years ago. Thus, the search for the key to truth must continue elsewhere.

The fact remains: Various branches of natural sciences have yet to provide a comprehensive explanation for the origin of existence, even though theories like the Big Bang can be hypothetically supported. No scientific framework has yet fully theorized how electrons, positrons, and matter itself came into being, despite significant progress in matter analysis.

The fundamental reason is that no one has been able to explain the immaterial dimension—with all its complexities—in a manner that is complete, consistent, rational, and free from superstition¹⁷, paradoxes¹⁸, or contradictions.

Occasionally, we encounter articles in the media about metaphysics—many of which, inspired by Eastern spirituality and particularly the Indian Vedas¹⁹, touch upon ethical teachings or meditation techniques. Some explore mystical interpretations of concepts like time, cosmos, and space. While such approaches may be partially useful, they are often selective, presenting fragmented definitions that fail to capture the totality of existence and its interrelated dimensions and entities.

A reasonable discussion of human existence requires a specific, reliable source of knowledge that elucidates the fundamental structure and original design of existence.



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